Don Camillo

אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי

Basic Laws Regarding Torah Scrolls

A Torah Scroll is handwritten by a scribe with a feather and special ink on carefully prepared parchment.
An authentic Sefer Torah is a mind-boggling masterpiece of labor and skill. Comprising between 62 and 84 sheets of
parchment-cured, tanned, scraped and prepared according to exacting Halachic specifications-and containing exactly
304,805 letters, the resulting handwritten scroll takes many months to complete.

An expert scribe carefully inks each letter with a feather quill, under the intricate calligraphic guidelines of Ktav
Ashurit (Ashurite Script). The sheets of parchment are then sewn together with sinews to form one long scroll.
While most Torah scrolls stand around two feet in height and weigh 20-25 pounds, some are huge and quite heavy,
while others are doll-sized and lightweight.

Uploaded on Oct 11, 2011
This video illustrates the scribal formation of each Hebrew letter for writing a Torah. British sofer, Mordechai Michaels (www.sofer.co.uk) created this animation as a commission for the Contemporary Jewish Museum of San Francisco for the exhibition, As It Is Written: Project 304,805 www.thecjm.org.

The Hebrew alphabet (Hebrew: אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי^[a], Alefbet ʿIvri), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square scriptand block script, is used in the writing of the Hebrew language, as well as of other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish,Judaeo-Spanish, and Judeo-Arabic. There have been two script forms in use; the original old Hebrew script is known as the paleo-Hebrew alphabet (which has been largely preserved, in an altered form, in the Samaritan alphabet), while the present "square" form of the Hebrew alphabet is a stylized form of the Aramaic alphabet and was known by Israel's sages as the Ashuri alphabet, since its origins were alleged to be from Assyria.^[1] Various "styles" (in current terms, "fonts") of representation of the letters exist. There is also a cursive Hebrew script, which has also varied over time and place.

The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have case, but five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is written from right to left. Originally, the alphabet was an abjad consisting only of consonants. As with other abjads, such as the Arabic alphabet, scribes later devised means of indicating vowel sounds by separate vowel points, known in Hebrew asniqqud. In rabbinic Hebrew, the letters א ה ו י are also used as matres lectionis (the use of certain consonants to indicate a vowel) to represent vowels. A modified version of the Hebrew alphabet is used to write Yiddish, known as Yiddish alphabet, which is a true alphabet (except for borrowed Hebrew words). In modern usage of the alphabet, as in the case of Yiddish (except that ע replacesה) and to some extent modern Modern Hebrew, vowels may be indicated. Today, the trend is toward full spelling with these letters acting as true vowels.

Missa de Angelis (Kyrie, Gloria and Credo) Mode VIII

The Kyriale is a collection of Gregorian chant settings for the Ordinary of the Mass. It contains eighteen Masses (each consisting of theKyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei), six Credos, and several ad libitum chants. This collection is included in liturgical books such as theGraduale Romanum and Liber Usualis, and it is also published as a separate book by the monks of Solesmes Abbey.

Some of the more notable inclusions are Mass VIII which is the Missa de Angelis and Mass XI which is the Missa Orbis Factor

• Asperges me
• Vidi aquam
• Mass I - Lux et origo (in Easter season)
• Mass II - Kyrie fons bonitatis (for solemnities)
• Mass III - Kyrie Deus sempiterne (for solemnities)
• Mass IV - Cunctipotens Genitor Deus (for feasts of apostles)
• Mass V - Kyrie magnae Deus potentiae (for feasts)
• Mass VI - Kyrie Rex Genitor (for feasts)
• Mass VII - Kyrie Rex splendens (for feasts)
• Mass VIII - de Angelis (for feasts)
• Mass IX - Cum jubilo (for Marian solemnities and feasts)
• Mass X - Alme Pater (for Marian feasts and memorials)
• Mass XI - Orbis factor (for Sundays)
• Mass XII - Pater cuncta (for memorials)
• Mass XIII - Stelliferi Conditor orbis (for memorials)
• Mass XIV - Jesu Redemptor (for memorials)
• Mass XV - Dominator Deus (for weekdays in Christmas season)
• Mass XVI (for weekdays during Ordinary Time)
• Mass XVII (for Sundays in Advent and Lent)
• Mass XVIII - Deus Genitor alme (for weekdays in Advent and Lent)
• Credo I - VI
• Cantus ad libitum
  • Kyrie
  • Gloria
  • Sanctus
  • Agnus Dei

Bibliography and external links

• Various editions of the Kyriale
• Organ accompaniments to the Kyriale

http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/kyriale_eng.html

http://www.ccwatershed.org/kyriale/

http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/music/gregorian-chant/the-faithful/kyriale-solesmes.html

http://birettabooks.com/go/webstore/product/kyriale_organ_accompaniment_to_the_vatican_kyriale/

http://www.paracletepress.com/kyriale.html

http://www.gregorian-chant.info/kyriale.html

http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001/acref-9780192802903-e-3901

http://www.chantcafe.com/2011/04/kyriale-simplex-hidden-treasure.html

http://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/kyriale-seu-ordinarium-missae/first-edition/page-1/

http://www.theabbeyshop.com/product_info.php?products_id=348

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Uploaded on Apr 5, 2010
The most popular Latin Mass sung in all Traditional Roman Catholic parish churches and sung in all Catholic Churches before the devastating liturgical error and heresy which was the Second Vatican Council.

QUO PRIMUM

Pope St. Pius V - July 14, 1570


........Let all everywhere adopt and observe what has been handed down by the Holy Roman Church, the Mother and Teacher of the other churches, and let Masses not be sung or read according to any other formula than that of this Missal published by Us. This ordinance applies henceforth, now, and forever, throughout all the provinces of the Christian world, to all patriarchs, cathedral churches, collegiate and parish churches, be they secular or religious, both of men and of women - even of military orders - and of churches or chapels without a specific congregation in which conventual Masses are sung aloud in choir or read privately in accord with the rites and customs of the Roman Church. This Missal is to be used by all churches, even by those which in their authorization are made exempt, whether by Apostolic indult, custom, or privilege, or even if by oath or official confirmation of the Holy See, or have their rights and faculties guaranteed to them by any other manner whatsoever. This new rite alone is to be used unless approval of the practice of saying Mass differently was given at the very time of the institution and confirmation of the church by Apostolic See at least 200 years ago, or unless there has prevailed a custom of a similar kind which has been continuously followed for a period of not less than 200 years, in which most cases We in no wise rescind their above-mentioned prerogative or custom. However, if this Missal, which we have seen fit to publish, be more agreeable to these latter, We grant them permission to celebrate Mass according to its rite, provided they have the consent of their bishop or prelate or of their whole Chapter, everything else to the contrary notwithstanding. All other of the churches referred to above, however, are hereby denied the use of other missals, which are to be discontinued entirely and absolutely; whereas, by this present Constitution, which will be valid henceforth, now, and forever, We order and enjoin that nothing must be added to Our recently published Missal, nothing omitted from it, nor anything whatsoever be changed within it under the penalty of Our displeasure. We specifically command each and every patriarch, administrator, and all other persons or whatever ecclesiastical dignity they may be, be they even cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, or possessed of any other rank or pre-eminence, and We order them in virtue of holy obedience to chant or to read the Mass according to the rite and manner and norm herewith laid down by Us and, hereafter, to discontinue and completely discard all other rubrics and rites of other missals, however ancient, which they have customarily followed; and they must not in celebrating Mass presume to introduce any ceremonies or recite any prayers other than those contained in this Missal. Furthermore, by these presents [this law], in virtue of Our Apostolic authority, We grant and concede in perpetuity that, for the chanting or reading of the Mass in any church whatsoever, this Missal is hereafter to be followed absolutely, without any scruple of conscience or fear of incurring any penalty, judgment, or censure, and may freely and lawfully be used. Nor are superiors, administrators, canons, chaplains, and other secular priests, or religious, of whatever title designated, obliged to celebrate the Mass otherwise than as enjoined by Us. We likewise declare and ordain that no one whosoever is forced or coerced to alter this Missal, and that this present document cannot be revoked or modified, but remain always valid and retain its full force notwithstanding the previous constitutions and decrees of the Holy See, as well as any general or special constitutions or edicts of provincial or synodal councils, and notwithstanding the practice and custom of the aforesaid churches, established by long and immemorial prescription - except, however, if more than two hundred years' standing.
Given at St. Peter's in the year of the Lord's Incarnation, 1570, on the 14th of July of the Fifth year of Our Pontificate.

Symbolum Apostolorum

CREDO in Deum Patrem omnipotentem, Creatorem caeli et terrae. Et in Iesum Christum, Filium eius unicum, Dominum nostrum, qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, natus ex Maria Virgine, passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus, et sepultus, descendit ad inferos, tertia die resurrexit a mortuis, ascendit ad caelos, sedet ad dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis, inde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos. Credo in Spiritum Sanctum, sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem, remissionem peccatorum, carnis resurrectionem, vitam aeternam. Amen.

Referencia

http://www.preces-latinae.org/thesaurus/Symbola/Apostolorum.html

S.C.S. officii 20 martii 1686

Propositiones:

1. Licitum est nigros aliosque sylvestres nemini infensos vi aut dolo captivare.
2. Licet nigros aliosque sylvestres, nemini infensos, vi aut dolo captivos emere, vendere, et de illos alios contractus facere.
3. Cum nigri alique sylvestres, iniuste captivati, sunt permixti aliis iuste vendibilibus, licet omnes emere, sive, ut dicunt, bonos et malos.
4. Emptores nigrorum aliorumve sylvestrium non tenentur inquirere de titulo eorum servitutis, sintne iuste vel iniuste, mancipia, licet sciant plurimos eorum esse iniuste captivatos.
5. Possessores nigrorum aliorumve sylvestrium nemini infesorum, vi aut dolo captorum, ad eos manumittendos non tenentur.
6. Captores nigrorum et aliorum sylvestrium, nemini infesorum, vi aut dolo captorum, emptores, possessores, non tenentur ad eorum damna compensanda.

R. Ad. 1, 2, et 3: Non licere.
Ad. 4, 5, 6. Tenentur.

Sicut dudum

Eugenio IV

XIII Ianuarii, MCDXXXV
Venerabilibus fratribus Pacem etc.
Sicut dudum venerabilis fratris nostri Fernandi Robicensis episcopi inter Christifidelis, ac habitatores insularum Canariae interpretis, et ab eis ad sedem Apostolicam nuncii destinati, aliorumque fideidignorum insinuatione intelleximus; licet in insulis praedictis quaedam de Lancellot nuncupta, et nonnullae aliae circumadiacentes insulae, quarum habitatores et incolae solam legem naturalem imitantes, nullan antea infidelium nec haereticorum sectam noverant a paucis citra temporibus, divina cooperante clementia, ad orthodoxam catholicam fidem sint reductae, pro eo tamen, quod labente tempore, in quibusdam aliis ex praedictis insulis gubernatores ac defensores idonei, qui illarum habitatores et incolas in spiritualibus et temoralibus ad rectam fidei observantiam dirigerent, ac eorum res et bona concite tuerentur defuerunt, nonnulli Christiani, quod dolenter referimus, diversis confictis coloribus et captatis occasionibus, ad praefatas insulas curn eorum navigiis, manu armata accedentes, plures inibi etiam juxta ipsorum simplicitatem, incaute repertos utriusque sexus homines, nonnullos iam tunc baptismatis unda renatos, et alios ex eis sub spe, ac pollicitatione, quod eos vellent sacramento baptismatis insignire, etiam quandoque fraudulenter et deceptorie, securitatis fide promissa, et non servata, secum captivos, etiam ad partes cismarinas duxerunt, bonis eorum praedae expositis, seu in eorum usus, et utilitatem conversis, nonnullos quoque ex habitatoribus et incolis praedictis subdiderunt perpetuae servituti, ac aliquos personis aliis vendidrunt, et alias contra eos diversa illicita et nefaria commiserunt, propter quae quamplurimi ex residuis dictarum insualarum habitatoribus servitutem huiusmodi plurimum execrantes, prioribus erroribus remanent involuti, se propterea ab suscipiendi baptismatis proposito retrahentes, in gravem Divinae majestatis offensam, et animarum periculum, ac Christianae religionis non modicum detrimentum.
Nos igitur, ad quos pertinet, praesertim in praemissis, et circa ea, peccatorem quemlibes corrigere de peccato, non volentes ex sub dissimulatione transire, ac cupientes, prout ex debito pastoralis tenemur officii, quantum possumus, salubriter providere, ac ipsorum habitatorum et incolarum affictionibus pio et paterno compatientes affectu, universos et singulos, principes temporales, dominos, capitaneos, armigeros, barones, milites, nobiles, communitates, et alios quoscumque Christifideles cuiuscumque status, gradus, vel conditionis fuerint, obsecramus in Domino, et per aspersionem Sanguinis Jesu Christi exhortamur, eisque in remissionem suorum peccaminum injungimus, ut et ipsi a praemissis desistant, et eorum subditos a talibus retrahant, rigideque compescant. Et nihilominus universis, et singulis eisdem utriusque sexus Christifidelibus praecipimur, et mandamus, quatenus infra quindecim dierum spatium a die publictionis praesentium in loco, in quo ipsi degunt faciendae computandorum, omnes et singulos utriusque sexus dictarum insularum olim habitatores Canarios nuncupatos, tempore captionis eorum captos, quos servituti subditos habent, pristinae restituant libertati, ac totaliter liberos perpetuo esse et absque aliquarum pecuniarum exactione sive receptione, abire dimittant, alioquin lapsis diebus eisdem excommunicationis sententiam ipso facto incurrent, a qua nec apud sedem Apostolicam, vel per archiepiscopum Hispatensem protempore existentem, seu Fernandum episcopum antedictum, ac nisi personis captivatis huiusmodi prius et ante omnia libetati deditis, et bonis eorum primitus restitutis, absolvi nequeant, praeterquam in mortis articulo constituti. Similem excommunicationis sententiam incurrere volumus omnes et singulos, qui eosdem Canarios baptizatos, aut ad baptismum voluntarie venientes, capere, aut vendere, vel servituti subiicere attentabunt, a qua aliter, quam ut praefertur, nequeant absolutionis beneficium obtinere. Illi vero, qui exhortationibus, et mandatis nostris huiusmodi humiliter paruerint cum effectu, praeter nostram et Apostolicae sedis gratiam, et benedictionem, quam proinde uberius consequantur, aeternae beatitudinis professores fieri mereantur, et a dextris Dei cum efectis, perpetua requie collocari, etc. Dat.  Florentiae anno incarnationis Dominicae MCDXXXV, id. januarii.

Referencia

The Popes and Slavery